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Investigation Question 3:
How do rocks break down into smaller pieces?
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Preparation
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Teaching and Learning Focus
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In the previous two investigations, students examined some of the physical properties of different types of rocks. They began classifying rocks according to their different characteristics. In this investigation, students think about how rocks change through time. They consider the breakdown of rock into smaller and smaller pieces through processes that collectively are known as weathering. The specific process that students examine in this investigation is abrasion, the action of rocks and sediment grinding against each other and wearing away exposed surfaces. In nature, abrasion occurs as wind and water rush over rocks, causing them to bump against one another and changing their shapes. Rocks become smoother as rough and jagged edges break off. Students run a model of this process by shaking sugar cubes and gravel together in a plastic container. The sugar cubes become smoother as their edges break off when they collide in the container.
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Materials Needed
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For each student:
- 2-3 sugar cubes
- 2-3 pieces of gravel
- small plastic container with a lid
- observation sheet
- magnifying glass
- paper (e.g. newsprint) to cover desktops
For instructional purposes:
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Safety
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This investigation is generally considered safe to do with students. Do not provide glass containers to students because the shaking of the gravel could cause them to break. Students should be reminded not to eat the sugar cubes. Also, review the investigation for your specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions.
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