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Learning About Climate

  1. What is the difference between weather and climate?
  2. What factors determine the climate?
  3. How does climate affect vegetation?
  4. How can local climates vary over very short distances?
  5. What is a climate proxy?
  6. How do scientists use ice cores to determine past climates?
  7. What are the causes of climate change?

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Weather is the state of the atmosphere from day to day. It includes temperature, atmospheric pressure, clouds, wind, and precipitation. Climate is the long-term average of the weather. It is observed over periods of many years, decades, and centuries. In many areas of the United States, the daily high temperature or the daily low temperature can vary by as much as 30 degrees F from day to day. In contrast, the average temperature for a whole year seldom varies by more than one degree.

Chart of Global sea surface climatology.

© NOAA

Global Sea Surface Climatology Chart without contours at 50km resolution. This chart is produced every three days from NOAA-16 infra-red sensing data. Basically displays a smoother version of the sea surface temperature chart for the same period.

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Fossil of the skull of a saber-toothed cat, an extinct mammal that lived in the Pleistocene epoch. Albert Copley © Oklahoma University; Image Courtesy of the Earth Science World Image Bank.  Photo ID: hn81e5

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Last updated: November 16, 2009


This project is supported by the AGI Foundation. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Foundation.

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